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  LPR浮动利率究竟是什么？
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      <a href="/2020/08/29/LPR%E6%B5%AE%E5%8A%A8%E5%88%A9%E7%8E%87%E7%A9%B6%E7%AB%9F%E6%98%AF%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%EF%BC%9F/" class="article-date">
  <time datetime="2020-08-29T05:40:19.000Z" itemprop="datePublished">2020-08-29</time>
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  <h3 id="写作目的"><a href="#写作目的" class="headerlink" title="写作目的"></a>写作目的</h3><p>相信各位可能和我一样，在前段时间收到了一条短信，内容大致为：</p>
<blockquote>
<p>按照人民银行[2019]30号公告要求，为简化您的操作，XX银行将于2020年8月25日起将您在我行的住房贷款转换为LPR浮动利率定价方式。</p>
</blockquote>
<p>此时的我，一脸懵逼，LPR利率是个什么玩儿？它还是浮动的？那岂不是以后的利息都没准儿？利息有可能会升高吗？</p>
<p>在观看了B站李永乐老师的视频<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1AJ41157sM">《房贷合同要变了！LPR利率和固定利率哪个合算？会影响房价走势吗?》</a>之后，对LPR浮动利率和利率转换有了一定的认识，在这里和大家分享一下。</p>
<h3 id="贷款基准利率"><a href="#贷款基准利率" class="headerlink" title="贷款基准利率"></a>贷款基准利率</h3><p>在实行LPR浮动利率之前，我们实行的是贷款基准利率，商业银行的利率计算公式为：</p>
<blockquote>
<p>商业银行贷款利率 = 基准利率 * (1 + 浮动加点)<br>央行基准利率：4.9%（2015公布~至今）<br>浮点：根据央行、政策、银行、个人情况而定</p>
</blockquote>
<p>实例：假设某个城市对首套房的浮动加点是10%，那么我们的贷款利率就是：</p>
<blockquote>
<p>首套贷款利率：4.9% * (1 + 10%) = 5.39%</p>
</blockquote>
<p>数字先放这儿，后面会用到。</p>
<h3 id="利率的双轨制"><a href="#利率的双轨制" class="headerlink" title="利率的双轨制"></a>利率的双轨制</h3><p>原有的贷款利率带来的问题是，<code>市场利率</code>和<code>政策利率</code>存在双轨制。<br>市场利率也就是市场对资金需求程度，决定了利率的变化。市场如果非常需要资金，那么利率就上升；如果市场资金比较充裕，那么利率相对地就会下降。<br>这里涉及到MLF利率的问题，MLF的定义，我们不去管它，大体理解就是，央行给商行投钱，商行需要一些抵押给央行，后期在通过一定利率将钱还给央行，这里就存在一个MLF利率。<br>而政策利率，主要指的就是基准利率。商行拿到钱之后，再加上一定的浮动，贷款给客人或企业。<br>这样会出现一个问题，那就是货币政策传导不畅。<br>当MLF下调，商行拿到了钱。但是基准利率没有及时下调，那么贷款利率还是很高，那么个人和企业还是很难贷到钱。<br>这就是利率双轨制存在的问题。</p>
<h3 id="贷款基础利率"><a href="#贷款基础利率" class="headerlink" title="贷款基础利率"></a>贷款基础利率</h3><p>也就是LPR利率。简单说：</p>
<blockquote>
<p>LPR利率 ＝ MLF利率 + 商行平均加点</p>
</blockquote>
<p>这里的商行平均加点，是怎么得来的呢？<br>它是由国内选出来的18家商业银行，一起来报价决定，这18家银行可能来自大型国有银行，城市银行，外资银行和物联网银行等不同的类型。这些银行有不同的特色，服务于不同的人群，可以综合地从各个方面代表整体的市场情况。由这些银行各自根据市场情况报价，最后去除最高和最低，取平均即可。</p>
<p>在LPR利率下，我们的贷款利率就变为了：</p>
<blockquote>
<p>贷款利率 ＝ LPR利率 + 政策加点 + 商行附加利率<br>LPR利率：4.8%（2019年12月）<br>政策加点：如果国家觉得首套房利率不能下浮，那至少要保持LPR利率，那么政策加点可是是0%；限制二套房的购买，那二套房的政策加点可以定为0.6%<br>商行附加利率：商行需要盈利，所以也会有个加点。假设是0.59%</p>
</blockquote>
<p>那么首套房和二套房的利率就分别为：</p>
<blockquote>
<p>首套：4.8% + 0% + 0.59% = 5.39%<br>二套：4.8% + 0.6% + 0.59% = 5.99%</p>
</blockquote>
<p>以上都是针对新利率执行之后的贷款进行的解释，没有太大问题。而接下来就是我们最关心的问题，还在还款期内的贷款是如何转换的。</p>
<h3 id="基准利率-转-基础理论"><a href="#基准利率-转-基础理论" class="headerlink" title="基准利率 转 基础理论"></a>基准利率 转 基础理论</h3><p>根据国家政策，在转化的第一年的一整年时间里，也就是2020年，它会保证我们的利率是和2019年12月20日是一模一样的。（上文我们假定了我们原先的贷款利率是5.39%）。细心的童鞋一定发现了，原先的贷款利率和LPR利率之间存在一个差值，我们可以称这个差值为<code>加点</code>，因为这是我们后期利率计算的条件之一。</p>
<blockquote>
<p>原有贷款利率 = LPR利率 + 加点(差值)<br>5.39% = 4.8% + <u>0.59%</u><br>注意：原本的利率如果是低于LPR利率的，加点值允许是负的。</p>
</blockquote>
<p>得到了加点的具体指，那么我们以后每年的房贷利率就会根据LPR的调整而改变了。有些人可能会担心，如果LPR上升了，我的贷款利率不就上去了吗？根据世界范围的运行规律，国家发展到一定程度后，利率都是会下降的。长期来看，利率下行的概率应该是高于利率上行的概率的。<br>下面附上一张近一年的利率走势表，供大家参考。</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>日期</th>
<th>1年期LPR利率（%）</th>
<th>5年期LPR利率（%）</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>2020-08-20</td>
<td>3.85</td>
<td>4.65</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2020-07-20</td>
<td>3.85</td>
<td>4.65</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2020-06-20</td>
<td>3.85</td>
<td>4.65</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2020-05-20</td>
<td>3.85</td>
<td>4.65</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2020-04-20</td>
<td>3.85</td>
<td>4.65</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2020-03-20</td>
<td>4.05</td>
<td>4.75</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2020-02-20</td>
<td>4.05</td>
<td>4.75</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2020-01-20</td>
<td>4.15</td>
<td>4.80</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2019-12-20</td>
<td>4.15</td>
<td>4.80</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2019-11-20</td>
<td>4.15</td>
<td>4.80</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2019-10-20</td>
<td>4.20</td>
<td>4.85</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2019-09-20</td>
<td>4.20</td>
<td>4.85</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2019-08-20</td>
<td>4.25</td>
<td>4.85</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
 
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            Don't modify these 3 pswp__item elements, data is added later on. -->
        <div class="pswp__container">
            <div class="pswp__item"></div>
            <div class="pswp__item"></div>
            <div class="pswp__item"></div>
        </div>

        <!-- Default (PhotoSwipeUI_Default) interface on top of sliding area. Can be changed. -->
        <div class="pswp__ui pswp__ui--hidden">

            <div class="pswp__top-bar">

                <!--  Controls are self-explanatory. Order can be changed. -->

                <div class="pswp__counter"></div>

                <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--close" title="Close (Esc)"></button>

                <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--share" style="display:none" title="Share"></button>

                <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--fs" title="Toggle fullscreen"></button>

                <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--zoom" title="Zoom in/out"></button>

                <!-- Preloader demo http://codepen.io/dimsemenov/pen/yyBWoR -->
                <!-- element will get class pswp__preloader--active when preloader is running -->
                <div class="pswp__preloader">
                    <div class="pswp__preloader__icn">
                        <div class="pswp__preloader__cut">
                            <div class="pswp__preloader__donut"></div>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>

            <div class="pswp__share-modal pswp__share-modal--hidden pswp__single-tap">
                <div class="pswp__share-tooltip"></div>
            </div>

            <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--arrow--left" title="Previous (arrow left)">
            </button>

            <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--arrow--right" title="Next (arrow right)">
            </button>

            <div class="pswp__caption">
                <div class="pswp__caption__center"></div>
            </div>

        </div>

    </div>

</div>

<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/photoswipe@4.1.3/dist/photoswipe.min.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/photoswipe@4.1.3/dist/default-skin/default-skin.min.css">
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/photoswipe@4.1.3/dist/photoswipe.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/photoswipe@4.1.3/dist/photoswipe-ui-default.min.js"></script>

<script>
    function viewer_init() {
        let pswpElement = document.querySelectorAll('.pswp')[0];
        let $imgArr = document.querySelectorAll(('.article-entry img:not(.reward-img)'))

        $imgArr.forEach(($em, i) => {
            $em.onclick = () => {
                // slider展开状态
                // todo: 这样不好，后面改成状态
                if (document.querySelector('.left-col.show')) return
                let items = []
                $imgArr.forEach(($em2, i2) => {
                    let img = $em2.getAttribute('data-idx', i2)
                    let src = $em2.getAttribute('data-target') || $em2.getAttribute('src')
                    let title = $em2.getAttribute('alt')
                    // 获得原图尺寸
                    const image = new Image()
                    image.src = src
                    items.push({
                        src: src,
                        w: image.width || $em2.width,
                        h: image.height || $em2.height,
                        title: title
                    })
                })
                var gallery = new PhotoSwipe(pswpElement, PhotoSwipeUI_Default, items, {
                    index: parseInt(i)
                });
                gallery.init()
            }
        })
    }
    viewer_init()
</script> 
<!-- MathJax -->

<!-- Katex -->

<!-- busuanzi  -->
 
<script src="/js/busuanzi-2.3.pure.min.js"></script>
 
<!-- ClickLove -->

<!-- ClickBoom1 -->

<!-- ClickBoom2 -->

<!-- CodeCopy -->
 
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/clipboard.css">
 <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/clipboard@2/dist/clipboard.min.js"></script>
<script>
  function wait(callback, seconds) {
    var timelag = null;
    timelag = window.setTimeout(callback, seconds);
  }
  !function (e, t, a) {
    var initCopyCode = function(){
      var copyHtml = '';
      copyHtml += '<button class="btn-copy" data-clipboard-snippet="">';
      copyHtml += '<i class="ri-file-copy-2-line"></i><span>COPY</span>';
      copyHtml += '</button>';
      $(".highlight .code pre").before(copyHtml);
      $(".article pre code").before(copyHtml);
      var clipboard = new ClipboardJS('.btn-copy', {
        target: function(trigger) {
          return trigger.nextElementSibling;
        }
      });
      clipboard.on('success', function(e) {
        let $btn = $(e.trigger);
        $btn.addClass('copied');
        let $icon = $($btn.find('i'));
        $icon.removeClass('ri-file-copy-2-line');
        $icon.addClass('ri-checkbox-circle-line');
        let $span = $($btn.find('span'));
        $span[0].innerText = 'COPIED';
        
        wait(function () { // 等待两秒钟后恢复
          $icon.removeClass('ri-checkbox-circle-line');
          $icon.addClass('ri-file-copy-2-line');
          $span[0].innerText = 'COPY';
        }, 2000);
      });
      clipboard.on('error', function(e) {
        e.clearSelection();
        let $btn = $(e.trigger);
        $btn.addClass('copy-failed');
        let $icon = $($btn.find('i'));
        $icon.removeClass('ri-file-copy-2-line');
        $icon.addClass('ri-time-line');
        let $span = $($btn.find('span'));
        $span[0].innerText = 'COPY FAILED';
        
        wait(function () { // 等待两秒钟后恢复
          $icon.removeClass('ri-time-line');
          $icon.addClass('ri-file-copy-2-line');
          $span[0].innerText = 'COPY';
        }, 2000);
      });
    }
    initCopyCode();
  }(window, document);
</script>
 
<!-- CanvasBackground -->

<script>
  if (window.mermaid) {
    mermaid.initialize({ theme: "forest" });
  }
</script>


    
    <div id="music">
    
    
    
    <iframe frameborder="no" border="1" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" width="200" height="52"
        src="//music.163.com/outchain/player?type=2&id=1908797593&auto=1&height=32"></iframe>
</div>

<style>
    #music {
        position: fixed;
        right: 15px;
        bottom: 0;
        z-index: 998;
    }
</style>
    
    

  </div>
</body>

</html>